Last1ins = seg.getInstructionAtAddress(last1ins_addr) Last2ins = seg.getInstructionAtAddress(last2ins_addr) Last2ins_addr = seg.getInstructionStart(last1ins_addr - 1) Last1ins_addr = seg.getInstructionStart(x - 1) XPC provides its own data types through libxpc.dylib. The APIs themselves are divided into an object API and a transport API. In this blog, we only focus on the low level APIs, which are direct exports of xpc_* functions from libxpc.dylib. XPC provides public APIs on two levels: the low level and the Foundation wrappers. XPC has a fairly large undocumented portion of its functionality, which includes its implementation (the main project libxpc, for example, is closed source). Since its introduction in version 10.7/5.0, its use has exploded. XPC is the enhanced IPC framework used in macOS/iOS. In this blog, I uncover the XPC internals data types to help researchers (myself included) not only quickly analyze the root causes of XPC vulnerabilities, but to also assist with deep analysis of exploits targeted at those vulnerabilities. I have recently been engaged in deep security research on macOS for FortiGuard Labs focused on the discovery and analysis of IPC vulnerabilities. FortiGuard Labs How-To Guide for Threat Researchers This entry was posted in Anti-Virus, End-user Focused, Malware, Tool Review and tagged mac, malware research, OS X, tools by Brent Huston. PSS – MSI has no affiliation or relationship with the product and/or the developers. PS – If you want to see what the GUI looks like, there are a wide variety of screenshots in the App Store at the link above. He responds quickly to questions and requests, plus provides great insights into where he is taking the product next. Lastly, I would like to thank the author of Hopper, Vincent Benony for his work on this tool and for his engagement with the infosec community on Twitter. Truly, it is a worthwhile investment if you want to learn more about assembler, the inner workings of code and beginning malware analysis. It’s an amazingly versatile and useful tool at an incredible price. Overall though, that’s about the ONLY complaint I have about Hopper. This a common issue among disassemblers and shows that we have a way to go to improve these products as the reverse engineering and malware study tool sets improve and mature over time. One of things I would like to see in future versions of the tool would be a detector for encoded binaries and support for some of the basic decoding tools to make analysis of obfuscated applications a bit quicker, easier and more intuitive. The flow control graphing, colorized interface and intuitive controls make the tool use less complex than Olly and IDA Pro. These add to the existing support for the standard Intel platforms of Mac OS X and Windows binaries, making this an all around useful tool for doing the basics. The newest release supports ARM, 32 & 64 bit ELF and iOS Mach-O. In terms of use, the tool does exactly what you expect from the description – it disassembles binaries into assembler and makes exploration of the deeper nuances of the code accessible. The app store link for the tool, in case you want to check it out, is here. If you hack stuff, reverse stuff or study malware on the Mac, the $60 price point is likely to make this a big winner for your budget. It is even mid-line in price, coming in between Olly, which is free, and IDA Pro which can run over a thousand dollars per license. It is more accessible on the mac than firing up a VM and using the venerable OllyDbg and the interface is quite a bit more elegant and user friendly. The tool is essentially a mid-line tool for working to reverse engineer code. I have recently been playing with Hopper, a disassembler for Mac OS X, quite a bit.
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